Overview

CHD results from abnormal heart development during pregnancy. Common types include atrial septal defect (ASD), ventricular septal defect (VSD), tetralogy of Fallot, and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA).

Causes

• Genetic syndromes (e.g., Down syndrome)
• Maternal infections (rubella) or diabetes
• Environmental factors, alcohol or drug use in pregnancy

Symptoms

• Rapid breathing, fatigue
• Blue tint (cyanosis)
• Poor feeding and weight gain
• Swelling in legs or abdomen
• Heart murmur

Treatment: Modern Medicine

• Diagnosis: Echocardiography, ECG, chest X-ray
• Treatment:
  • Mild: Monitoring
  • Severe: Surgery (e.g., VSD repair, valve correction)
  • Medications: Diuretics, ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers
  • Long-term: Cardiology follow-up

Treatment: Traditional Medicine

• Ayurveda: Arjuna, Pushkarmool for heart tone
• Siddha/Unani: Cardiac rasayanas; diet regulation
• TCM: Ginseng, Salvia root for blood flow
• Homeopathy: Remedies like Digitalis, Crataegus (symptom-based)
• Nutraceuticals: CoQ10, L-carnitine, Omega-3

Caution

• High-risk during infections or surgery
• Avoid strenuous activity unless approved
• Regular heart check-ups

Prevention

• Maternal vaccination (rubella)
• Avoid teratogenic drugs during pregnancy
• Folic acid supplements