Overview

Panic attacks may occur unexpectedly or be triggered by specific situations. Many develop anticipatory anxiety, avoiding places where attacks occurred. Often begins in young adulthood.

Causes

• Genetics and brain chemistry
• Chronic stress or trauma
• Substance abuse
• Imbalance of neurotransmitters (e.g., serotonin, norepinephrine)

Symptoms

• Sudden intense fear lasting 10–30 minutes
• Racing heart, chest pain
• Dizziness, shortness of breath
• Sweating, chills, or hot flashes
• Feeling of losing control or dying

Treatment: Modern Medicine

• Diagnosis: Clinical criteria (DSM-5), exclusion of cardiac causes
• Treatment:
  • Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) – first-line
  • SSRIs (e.g., Sertraline, Paroxetine), SNRIs
  • Benzodiazepines (short-term)
  • Breathing exercises and relaxation techniques

Treatment: Traditional Medicine

• Ayurveda: Ashwagandha, Brahmi, Jatamansi; Nasya therapy
• Siddha: Nervine tonics and meditation
• Unani: Khamira Abresham, Laooq Badam for mental calm
• TCM: Acupuncture, Suan Zao Ren Tang (sleep-anxiety formula)
• Homeopathy: Aconite, Argentum nitricum, Gelsemium
• Nutraceuticals: Magnesium, L-theanine, Omega-3, B-complex

Caution

• Avoid alcohol or caffeine, which can trigger attacks
• Sudden withdrawal of benzodiazepines can worsen symptoms

Prevention

• Regular exercise, yoga, and breathing practices
• Stress management and early psychological support
• Avoidance of stimulants and sleep disturbances