Overview

Most cases are viral and resolve on their own. Bacterial pharyngitis, particularly from Group A Streptococcus, needs antibiotic treatment to avoid complications like rheumatic fever.

Causes

• Viral infections (cold, flu, mono)
• Bacterial (streptococcus)
• Dry air, smoking, allergies
• Acid reflux (silent pharyngitis)

Symptoms

• Sore throat, pain on swallowing
• Fever, headache
• Swollen lymph nodes
• Red or swollen throat, pus on tonsils
• Hoarseness or fatigue

Treatment: Modern Medicine

• Diagnosis: Physical exam, throat swab (rapid strep test or culture)
• Treatment:
  • Viral: Supportive (hydration, paracetamol)
  • Bacterial: Penicillin or amoxicillin
  • Lozenges, salt water gargles, throat sprays

Treatment: Traditional Medicine

• Ayurveda: Yashtimadhu, Tulsi, Triphala gargle
• Siddha: Thalisathi churnam, herbal teas
• Unani: Sharbat-e-Unnab, Laooq-e-Katan
• TCM: Chrysanthemum tea, licorice decoctions
• Homeopathy: Belladonna, Phytolacca, Hepar sulph
• Nutraceuticals: Zinc lozenges, Vitamin C, Honey, Propolis

Caution

• Avoid antibiotics for viral cases
• Consult doctor if sore throat persists >1 week or has high fever

Prevention

• Hand hygiene
• Avoid sharing utensils
• Stay away from infected persons during outbreaks