Overview

It develops slowly from precancerous lesions (CIN) and is detectable early through Pap smears and HPV testing.

Causes

• Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection
• Early sexual activity, multiple partners
• Smoking, poor immunity
• Long-term oral contraceptives

Symptoms

• Abnormal vaginal bleeding
• Post-coital bleeding
• Foul-smelling discharge
• Pelvic pain or back pain
• Leg swelling (advanced)

Treatment: Modern Medicine

• Diagnosis: Pap smear, HPV DNA test, biopsy, colposcopy
• Treatment:
  • CIN: Cryotherapy, LEEP
  • Early cancer: Surgery
  • Advanced: Radiotherapy + chemotherapy

Treatment: Traditional Medicine

• Ayurveda: Ashwagandha, Neem, Kanchanar Guggulu (supportive)
• Siddha/Unani/TCM: Supportive immune therapy only
• Homeopathy: Carcinosin, Conium, Hydrastis (only as supportive)
• Nutraceuticals: Antioxidants, selenium, Vitamin A, Zinc

Caution

• Regular Pap smears save lives
• HPV vaccine is safe and effective

Prevention

• HPV vaccine (ages 9–26, up to 45)
• Routine Pap and VIA screening
• Safe sex and tobacco avoidance